{"id":1561,"date":"2015-06-07T13:04:45","date_gmt":"2015-06-07T13:04:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.romaniancommunity.net\/rci\/?p=1561"},"modified":"2016-09-05T16:05:08","modified_gmt":"2016-09-05T16:05:08","slug":"henri-marie-coanda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.romaniancommunity.net\/rci\/henri-marie-coanda\/","title":{"rendered":"Henri Marie Coand\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"

Henri Marie Coand\u0103 – \u201cparintele aviatiei reactive\u201d, academician si inginer roman, pionier al aviatiei mondiale, fizician si inventator roman.<\/h4>\n

\"coanda01\"Henri Marie Coand\u0103 s-a nascut la Bucuresti la 7 iunie 1886, fiind al doilea dintre cei sapte copii ai familiei Coanda. Provenea dintr-o familie de intelectuali, mama sa, Aida Danet, fiica a medicului francez Gustave Danet, iar tatal sau, generalul Constantin Coanda originar din Craiova, a fost profesor de matematici la \u015ecoala Nationala de Poduri si Sosele din Bucuresti si \u00a0Prim-Ministru al Romaniei pentru o scurta perioada de timp in 1918. De altfel Henri Coanda \u00a0isi amintea spre amurgul vietii sale vorbind despre tatal sau: \u201c\u2026.si astfel a fost definita in constiinta mea notiunea ca sunt roman, dar roman-oltean, notiune la care tatal meu tinea foarte mult\u2026\u201d.<\/p>\n

Henri Marie Coand\u0103 a urmat primii ani de scoala la Bucuresti, dupa care, la varsta de 13 ani, a fost trimis de tatal sau la Liceul Militar din Iasi. A terminat liceul in 1903 si si-a continuat studiile la \u015ecoala de Ofiteri de Artilerie, Geniu si Marina din Bucuresti. A fost detasat in 1904 la un regiment de artilerie de camp din Germania, iar de acolo trimis la Universitatea Technica din Berlin-Charlottenburg. Pasionat de probleme tehnice si mai ales de tehnica aviatiei, in 1905 Coanda construieste un avion-racheta pentru armata romana. \u00centre 1907-1908 isi continua studiile \u00a0universitare in Belgia, la Li\u00e8ge si la Institutul Tehnic Montefiore.<\/p>\n

\u00cen 1908 s-a intors in tara si a fost incadrat ofiter activ. Datorita pasiunii si spiritului sau inventiv, care nu se impacau cu disciplina militara, el a solicitat si a obtinut aprobarea de a parasi armata. In felul asta se putea dedica cu totul studiului stiintific si inovatiei.<\/p>\n

\"coanda02\"Se inscrie la Paris la nou infiintata \u015ecoala Superioara de Aeronautica si Constructii pe care o promoveaza ca sef al primei promotii de ingineri aeronautici. Cu sprijinul inginerului Gustave Eiffel si savantului Paul Painleve, care l-au ajutat sa obtina aprobarile necesare, Henri Marie Coand\u0103 a efectuat experimente aerodinamice si a construit in atelierul de carosaj al lui Joachim Caproni primul avion cu reactie din lume, fara elice, numit conventional Coanda-1910. Acesta a fost prezentat la al doilea Salon international aeronautic de la Paris (1910). Din cauza lipsei de interes al publicului si al oamenilor de stiinta din vremea aceea, Coanda a abandonat experimentele pentru o lunga perioada de timp. Admirandu-i opera, Gustave Eiffel i-a spus: \u201c Pacat, baiete, ca te-ai nascut cu treizeci de ani, daca nu cu cincizeci de ani, mai devreme\u201d, fiindca inventia lui Coanda devansa cu mult cerintele epocii.<\/p>\n

In 1911 Henri Marie Coand\u0103 a creat primul aparat bimotor din lume, iar intre 1911-1914 savantul roman a lucrat ca director tehnic la Uzinele de aviatie din Bristol, Anglia, unde a proiectat si a construit avioane cu elice, de mare performanta, sub numele de Bristol \u2013 Coanda. \u00cen 1912 unul dintre ele castiga premiul intai la Concursul international al aviatiei militare din Anglia. In perioada 1911-1913 inventeaza prima sanie mecanica turbopropulsata.<\/p>\n

\"coanda03\"Intre 1914 – 1916 Henri Marie Coand\u0103 lucreaza la Dalauney-Belleville Airplanes in Saint Denis. Aici proiecteaza trei tipuri de aeronave, dintre care cel mai cunoscut este Coanda-1916, cu doua elice apropiate de coada aparatului. Coanda-1916 este asemanator avionului de transport Caravelle, la proiectarea caruia a contribuit.<\/p>\n

Dupa experienta britanica revine in Franta unde realizeaza o serie de inventii: constructia unui avion de recunoastere in 1916, foarte apreciat in epoca, masina de fulgi de zapada, primul tren aerodinamic din lume si foarte multe altele.<\/p>\n

\u00cen 1934 obtine un brevet de inventie francez pentru \u201cProcedeu si dispozitiv pentru devierea unui curent de fluid ce patrunde intr-un alt fluid\u201d, fenomenul cunoscut astazi ca efectul Coanda, numit astfel de catre profesorul Albert Metral si cu aplicatii in multe domenii de activitate din zilele noastre. Acesta consta in devierea unui jet de fluid care curge de-a lungul unui perete convex, fenomen descoperit prima oara de el in 1910, cand a observat ca flacarile si gazul incandescent iesite din reactoare tindeau a ramane pe langa fuzelaj. Insa, doar dupa 20 de ani de studii, fizicianul roman a formulat principiul care sta la baza \u201cefectului Coanda\u201d.<\/p>\n

Henri Marie Coand\u0103 a avut 250 de inventii certificate prin 707 brevete in domenii foarte diferite: aeronautica, constructii, transporturi, industrie, medicina, biologie, protectia mediului, agricultura s.a. Dintre inventii amintim: tunul fara recul\u00a0 din dotarea avioanelor militare, o instalatie de desalinizare a apei marine, aerotubexul care era un mijloc de transport care putea atinge 500 km\/h si care ar fi putut sa fie primul tren de mare viteza din lume, bariera anti-rechini, turbina eoliana. O inventie interesanta, aerodina lenticulara cunoscuta drept \u201cfarfurie zburatoare\u201d, a starnit interesul Statelor Unite, iar in 1956 americanii i-au cumparat doua proiecte de aerodine care puteau ridica un om, acestea intrand in proprietatea US Air Force. De asemenea Coanda a inventat in 1930 \u201cconstructiile in configuratie multicelulara\u201d, inventie premiata cu medalia de aur la Padova. In 1926, in Romania, pune la punct un dispozitiv de detectie a lichidelor in sol folosit pentru prospectarea petrolifera. \u00cen Golful Persic inventatorul roman construieste in premiera mondiala un rezervor pentru colectarea petrolului extras de sub apa marii.<\/p>\n

Henri Marie Coand\u0103 a fost Membru al Societatii Regale de Aeronautica din Londra si al Academiei Romane, iar Institutul Politehnic Bucuresti i-a acordat titlul de Doctor Honoris Causa. Savantul roman revine definitiv in tara in 1969 ca director al Institutului de creatie stiintifica si tehnica – INCREST.<\/p>\n

\"coanda04\"Henri Marie Coand\u0103, cel mai prolific inventator roman, a murit la Bucuresti, la data de 25 noiembrie 1972, la varsta de 86 de ani. El a lasat statului roman dreptul de a beneficia de pe urma inventiilor sale. Familia Coanda a lasat statului roman imobilul Coanda si toate bunurile care au apartinut savantului: opera stiintifica, brevete, schite, proiecte, machete, medalii, diplome\u2026<\/p>\n

Intr-o scrisoare din 1908 adresata lui Ferber, un geniu al aeronauticii, Gustave Eiffel il descria pe tanarul Henri Coanda ca fiind \u201c\u2026un om competent, perfect documentat si ale carui realizari\u00a0 sunt destinate unei reusite, unei depline reusite, in folosul tehnicii mondiale, al intregii omeniri\u201d pentru\u00a0 ca \u201cstie mai mult decat alti ingineri cu experienta si cu parul alb\u2026\u201d.<\/p>\n

Articol editat de George Bratulescu \u2013 membru voluntar al Romanian Community of Ireland<\/em><\/p>\n

Bibliografie:
\nwww.wikipedia.org
\n<\/a>www.art-emis.ro
\n<\/a>www.jurnalul.ro
\n<\/a>www.stirileprotv.ro
\n<\/a>www.curentul.ro
\n<\/a>www.observatorul.ro<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Henri Marie Coand\u0103 – \u201cparintele aviatiei reactive\u201d, academician si inginer roman, pionier al aviatiei mondiale, fizician si inventator roman. Henri Marie Coand\u0103 s-a nascut la Bucuresti la 7 iunie 1886, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1567,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1561","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-personalitati-romane-celebre-in-lume"],"yoast_head":"\nHenri Marie Coand\u0103 - Romanian Community of Ireland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Henri Marie Coand\u0103 - \u201cparintele aviatiei reactive\u201d, academician si inginer roman, pionier al aviatiei mondiale, fizician si inventator roman.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.romaniancommunity.net\/rci\/henri-marie-coanda\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Henri Marie Coand\u0103 - 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