{"id":161,"date":"2015-04-22T09:51:47","date_gmt":"2015-04-22T09:51:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.romaniancommunity.net\/rci\/?page_id=161"},"modified":"2018-05-20T16:31:04","modified_gmt":"2018-05-20T16:31:04","slug":"despre-irlanda","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.romaniancommunity.net\/rci\/ghidul-noului-venit-irlanda\/despre-irlanda\/","title":{"rendered":"Despre Irlanda"},"content":{"rendered":"

Etimologic numele de\u00a0Irlanda<\/b>\u00a0(Ireland) provine din numele zei\u021bei celtice Eriu (Eire\u00a0 \u00een irlandeza modern\u0103) la care se adaug\u0103 substantivul germanic land \u2013 p\u0103m\u00e2nt.<\/p>\n

\n

\"Map<\/a> Irlanda este o insul\u0103 \u00een N-V Europei ce are o suprafa\u0163\u0103 total\u0103 de 84.421 km2, din care Irlanda de Nord, care apar\u0163ine Marii Britanii, ocup\u0103 14.139 km2. Republica Irlanda este cel mai vestic membru al Uniunii Europene \u0219i are o economie bine dezvoltat\u0103. Popula\u021bia dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te cu pu\u021bin\u00a04.5 millioane (cf. dat. statistice din 2012). Capitala este la\u00a0Dublin<\/a> \u0219i are o popula\u021bie urban\u0103 de cca 1.050.000 \u0219i metropolitan\u0103 de cca. 1.660.000. Ora\u0219ul este situat pe malurile r\u00e2ului Liffey. Moneda na\u021bional\u0103 este Euro.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Insula Irlanda este complet \u00eenconjurat\u0103 de\u00a0Oceanul Atlantic, \u00eens\u0103 por\u021biunea de ap\u0103 dintre insula \u015fi\u00a0Marea Britanie<\/a>\u00a0este cunoscut\u0103 drept\u00a0Marea Irlandez\u0103<\/a>. Coasta de vest a Republicii Irlanda este compus\u0103 din dealuri \u015fi mun\u021bi cu \u00een\u0103l\u021bime mic\u0103, cel mai \u00eenalt v\u00e2rf fiind Carrauntoohil de 1041\u00a0m. \u00cen centrul \u021b\u0103rii \u00eent\u00e2lnim preponderent teren plat favorabil pentru agricultur\u0103 zootehnie. Zona central\u0103 este traversat\u0103 de r\u00e2uri, cel mai important fiind Shannon<\/a> \u015fi tot aici intalnim si o intreaga salba de lacuri de lacuri. Aici se gasesc si cele mai importante z\u0103c\u0103minte carbonifere de\u00a0turb\u0103<\/a>, aceasta fiind printre cele mai importante resurse naturale ale Irlandei.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Irlanda este \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit\u0103 \u00een 26 de jude\u021be, fiecare av\u00e2nd c\u00e2te un consiliu jude\u021bean. \u00cen afar\u0103 de cele 26 de jude\u021be, principale 4 ora\u0219e din \u021bar\u0103 sunt administrate individual \u015fi au consiliul lor:\u00a0Dublin<\/a> \u2013 pe coasta de est,\u00a0Cork<\/a> \u2013 \u00een sud,\u00a0Limerick<\/a> \u2013 pe coasta de vest\u00a0\u0219i Waterford<\/a> \u2013 pe coasta de sud-est. Jude\u021bul Dublin\u00a0este \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit \u00een trei consilii diferite: Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown<\/a>,\u00a0Fingal<\/a>\u00a0\u0219i\u00a0South Dublin<\/a>, la care se adaug\u0103 administra\u021bia ora\u015fului Dublin.<\/p>\n

\"dublin\"
\n<\/a>Numele englezesc al capitalei, Dublin, a n\u0103scut controverse \u00eentre cei care spun c\u0103 deriv\u0103 de la numele\u00a0irlandez\u00a0Dubh Linn, care \u00eenseamn\u0103\u00a0balt\u0103 neagr\u0103<\/i>, pe de o parte \u0219i pe de alta parte, mul\u021bi istorici care spun c\u0103 numele contemporan irlandez al ora\u015fului este Baile \u00c1tha Cliath, nu Dubh Linn.<\/p>\n

Clima\u00a0Irlandei este influen\u021bat\u0103 de\u00a0<\/span>Curentul Atlanticului de Nord<\/a>\u00a0\u015fi este destul de bl\u00e2nd\u0103. Verile nu sunt foarte calde \u0219i iernile nu sunt foarte geroase. Precipita\u021biile sub form\u0103 de ploaie sunt foarte frecvente. Sunt zone \u00een care vremea ploioas\u0103 dureaz\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 275 de zile pe an. Precipita\u021biile sub form\u0103 de ninsoare sau grindin\u0103 sunt foarte rare, put\u00e2nd trece ani de zile \u00een care s\u0103 nu existe ninsoare.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"irelandflag\"<\/a>Irlanda are 2 limbi oficiale:\u00a0irlandeza<\/a>, de origine celtic\u0103, \u015fi\u00a0engleza<\/a>. Limba irlandez\u0103 este obligatorie \u00een sistemul de \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103m\u00e2nt \u015fi este prima limb\u0103 oficial\u0103, de\u015fi limba englez\u0103 este cea vorbit\u0103 de majoritatea popula\u021biei. Semnele \u0219i indicatoarele publice sunt \u00een general bilingve. Comunit\u0103\u021biile care vorbesc irlandeza ca prima limb\u0103 tr\u0103iesc \u00een principal \u00een zonele de\u00a0Gaeltacht\u00a0\u00een vestul Irlandei, dar acestea insumeaz\u0103 un procent mic din totalul popula\u021biei.<\/p>\n

Steagul\u00a0Irlandei cu cele 3 dungi verticale (verde, alb \u015fi portocaliu) a fost folosit pentru prima dat\u0103 de na\u021bionali\u015ftii irlandezi \u00een 1848, iar culoarile aveau o anumit\u0103 semnifica\u021bie. Verdele reprezenta majoritatea na\u021bionalist\u0103 irlandez\u0103 (catolicii), portocaliul reprezenta minoritatea unionist\u0103 (majoritar protestant\u0103), iar albul simboliza pacea mult dorit\u0103 \u00eentre cele 2 tabere.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00cen Republica Irlanda \u00eent\u00e2lnim o democra\u021bie parlamentar\u0103. Independen\u021ba a fost declarat\u0103 \u00een 6 Decembrie 1921. Constitu\u021bia a fost promulgat\u0103 \u00een 29 Decembrie 1937 \u015fi poate fi modificat\u0103 doar prin referendum. Votul este universal \u0219i au drept de vot to\u021bi cet\u0103\u021benii irlandezi cu v\u00e2rsta de peste 18 ani.<\/span><\/p>\n

Puterile statului de drept sunt:<\/p>\n

\"parliament\"<\/a><\/span>Puterea Executiv\u0103:<\/b>\u00a0Mini\u0219trii, Prim-ministru (Taoiseach)- \u015fef de guvern, Prim-ministru adjunct (t\u00e1naiste). Ace\u0219tia din urm\u0103 impreun\u0103 cu ministrul de finan\u0163e trebuie s\u0103 fie membrii ai D\u00e1il. Ceilal\u021bi mini\u015ftrii ai guvernului trebuie s\u0103 fie membrii, fie din Camera Reprezentan\u021bilor, fie din Senat, dar nu pot fi mai mult de 2 senatori.<\/p>\n

Puterea Legislativ\u0103<\/b>: Parlamentul bicameral na\u0163ional (Oireachtas): Camera Reprezentan\u021bilor (D\u00e1il) \u015fi Camera Senatului (Seanad). Puterea suprem\u0103 legislativ\u0103 este centrat\u0103 \u00een cei 166 de membrii ai D\u00e1il.<\/p>\n

Puterea Juridic\u0103:<\/b>\u00a0Curtea Suprem\u0103 de Justi\u0163ie.<\/p>\n

Din punct de vedere administrativ \u021bara cuprinde\u00a026 jude\u021be \u0219i 34 de autorit\u0103\u0163i locale.<\/p>\n

Principalele partide politice sunt: Fianna Fail, Fine Gael, Partidul Muncii, Partidul Progresiv-Democrat, Partidul Verde, Sinn Fein.<\/p>\n

\u0218eful statului, pre\u015fedintele (uachtar\u00e1n), este ales direct de c\u0103tre popor pentru un mandat de \u015fapte ani \u015fi este eligibil pentru realegere pentru al doilea mandat. Pre\u015fedintele ac\u0163ioneaz\u0103 \u00een mod normal la recomandarea guvernului, dar consult\u0103 \u0219i un consilier al Consiliului de Stat \u00een exercitarea anumitor func\u0163ii.<\/p>\n

Pre\u015fedintele semneaz\u0103 \u015fi promulg\u0103 legile trecute de Oireachtas (Parlament), dar poate, la recomandarea primului-ministru (Taoiseach), s\u0103 citeze \u015fi s\u0103 dizolve Parlamentul.<\/p>\n

\"harpa\"<\/a>Republica Irlanda este singura na\u021biune din lume care are drept simbol na\u021bional un instrument muzical \u0219i anume harpa. Aceasta apare pe toate documentele oficiale emise de guvernul irlandez.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"dprrpmic\"
\nGhidul a fost realizat cu sprijinul Departamentului Politici pentru Rela\u0163ia cu Rom\u00e2nii de Pretutindeni<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Etimologic numele de\u00a0Irlanda\u00a0(Ireland) provine din numele zei\u021bei celtice Eriu (Eire\u00a0 \u00een irlandeza modern\u0103) la care se adaug\u0103 substantivul germanic land \u2013 p\u0103m\u00e2nt. Irlanda este o insul\u0103 \u00een N-V Europei ce […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"parent":2,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-161","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nDespre Irlanda - Romanian Community of Ireland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Irlanda este o insul\u0103 \u00een N-V Europei ce are o suprafa\u0163\u0103 total\u0103 de 84.421 km2, din care Irlanda de Nord, care apar\u0163ine Marii Britanii,\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/www.romaniancommunity.net\/rci\/ghidul-noului-venit-irlanda\/despre-irlanda\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Despre Irlanda - Romanian Community of Ireland\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Irlanda este o insul\u0103 \u00een N-V Europei ce are o suprafa\u0163\u0103 total\u0103 de 84.421 km2, din care Irlanda de Nord, care apar\u0163ine Marii Britanii,\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/www.romaniancommunity.net\/rci\/ghidul-noului-venit-irlanda\/despre-irlanda\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Romanian Community of Ireland\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/RomanianCommunityOfIreland\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-05-20T16:31:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4f\/Map_of_Ireland%27s_capitals.png\/256px-Map_of_Ireland%27s_capitals.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.romaniancommunity.net\\\/rci\\\/ghidul-noului-venit-irlanda\\\/despre-irlanda\\\/\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/www.romaniancommunity.net\\\/rci\\\/ghidul-noului-venit-irlanda\\\/despre-irlanda\\\/\",\"name\":\"Despre Irlanda - 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