{"id":1486,"date":"2015-03-01T10:06:17","date_gmt":"2015-03-01T10:06:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.romaniancommunity.net\/rci\/?p=1486"},"modified":"2016-09-05T15:47:16","modified_gmt":"2016-09-05T15:47:16","slug":"istoria-martisorului","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.romaniancommunity.net\/rci\/istoria-martisorului\/","title":{"rendered":"Istoria M\u0103r\u0163i\u015forului"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u0103r\u0163i\u015forul este un mic obiect de podoab\u0103 legat cu un \u015fnur impletit dintr-un fir alb \u015fi unul ro\u015fu. Acesta apare \u00een special \u00een tradi\u0163ia din Rom\u00e2nia, Moldova \u015fi Bulgaria, dar \u015fi al alte popula\u0163ii invecinate. Domni\u015foarele \u015fi doamnele primesc m\u0103r\u0163i\u015foare de 1 Martie \u015fi le poart\u0103 ca semn al sosirii prim\u0103verii. \u00cempreun\u0103 cu m\u0103r\u0163i\u015forul se ofer\u0103 adesea flori timpurii de prim\u0103var\u0103, \u00eendeosebi ghiocei. Istoria m\u0103r\u0163i\u015forului are la baz\u0103 mai multe mituri \u015fi legende.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"martisor01\"Una din legendele m\u0103r\u0163i\u015forului ne spune c\u0103\u00a0odat\u0103 Soarele a cobor\u00e2t pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt, lu\u00e2nd chipul unei fete frumoase, pentru a participa la o hor\u0103 dintr-un sat. Zmeul cel r\u0103u a r\u0103pit-o \u015fi a \u00eenchis-o \u00eentr-o temni\u0163\u0103 provoc\u00e2nd suferin\u0163\u0103 intregii naturi. Atunci \u00a0r\u00e2urile au \u00eencetat s\u0103 mai curg\u0103, p\u0103s\u0103rile nu mai c\u00e2ntau, copiii au uitat de joac\u0103\u00a0\u015fi veselie, iar lumea \u00eentreag\u0103 era m\u00e2hnit\u0103. Vaz\u00e2nd ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 Soare, un t\u00e2n\u0103r voinic s-a hot\u0103r\u00e2t s\u0103\u00a0\u00eel \u00eenfrunte pe Zmeu \u015fi s\u0103 elibereze preafrumoasa fat\u0103. Acesta a pornit la drum \u015fi c\u0103l\u0103toria t\u00e2n\u0103rului a durat 3 anotimpuri: vara, toamna \u015fi iarna. Spre sf\u00e2r\u015fitul iernii, acesta a g\u0103sit castelul \u015fi s-a luptat zile \u00eentregi cu Zmeul p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd l-a dobor\u00e2t. Apoi a eliberat fata care s-a ridicat \u00eenapoi la Cer \u015fi a vestit venirea prim\u0103verii, lumin\u00e2nd \u00eentregul p\u0103m\u00e2nt \u015fi fericind inimile oamenilor. Sl\u0103bit \u015fi grav r\u0103nit dup\u0103 luptele cu Zmeul, t\u00e2n\u0103rul a murit, s\u00e2ngele acestuia a curs pe z\u0103pada alb\u0103, iar \u00een locurile \u00een care z\u0103pada s-a topit au r\u0103s\u0103rit ghiocei. De atunci tinerii \u00eempletesc doi ciucura\u015fi, unul alb \u015fi unul ro\u015fu, oferindu-i fetelor pe care le iubesc sau celor apropia\u0163i. Ro\u015ful semnific\u0103 dragoste pentru tot ce este frumos, ce aminte\u015fte de curajul t\u00e2n\u0103rului \u015fi albul simbolizeaz\u0103 puritatea ghiocelului, prima floare a prim\u0103verii.<\/span><\/p>\n

O alta legend\u0103 a m\u0103r\u0163i\u015forului este legat\u0103 de baba Dochia, personaj din mitologia popular\u0103. Una dintre legende ne spune c\u0103 o femeie b\u0103tr\u00e2n\u0103, care se chema Dochia, avea o fat\u0103 vitreg\u0103 pe care o chinuia cu muncile cele mai grele. \u00centr-o zi de iarn\u0103, i-a dat fetei o hain\u0103 neagr\u0103\u00a0\u015fi i-a cerut s\u0103 o spele la r\u00e2u p\u00e2n\u0103 devine alb\u0103 ca z\u0103pada. Fata s-a chinuit un timp, dar a apucat-o disperarea \u00eentruc\u00e2t cu c\u00e2t o sp\u0103la mai mult cu at\u00e2t devenea mai murdar\u0103. Atunci a ap\u0103rut un t\u00e2n\u0103r chipe\u015f care se numea M\u0103r\u0163i\u015for \u015fi acesta i-a oferit fetei o floare fermecat\u0103, ro\u015fie \u015fi alb\u0103, care a s\u0103v\u00e2r\u015fit o minune, iar haina babei a devenit alb\u0103 ca laptele. Baba Dochia, de ciud\u0103, a plecat \u00een lume, iar pe drum s-a descotorosit de cele 12 cojoace.<\/p>\n

Conform unui alt mit, izvorat din Basarabia, \u00een prima zi a lui martie, Prim\u0103vara a ie\u015fit la marginea unei p\u0103duri \u015fi a observat cum \u00eentr-o poian\u0103 dintr-o tuf\u0103 de porumbari r\u0103sare de sub z\u0103pad\u0103 un ghiocel. Ea s-a hot\u0103r\u00e2t s\u0103\u00a0\u00eel ajute \u015fi a \u00eenceput s\u0103 dea z\u0103pada la o parte \u015fi s\u0103 rup\u0103 ramurile spinoase. V\u0103z\u00e2nd acest lucru, Iarna a chemat v\u00e2ntul \u015fi gerul s\u0103 distrug\u0103 floarea, iar ghiocelul a \u00eenghe\u0163at pe loc. Primavara a acoperit apoi ghiocelul cu m\u00e2inile ei, dar s-a r\u0103nit din cauza maracinilor \u015fi o picatur\u0103 de s\u00e2nge fierbinte s-a prelins \u015fi a c\u0103zut peste floare readuc\u00e2nd-o la via\u0163\u0103. Astfel Prim\u0103vara a \u00eenvins Iarna, iar culorile simbolizeaz\u0103 s\u00e2ngele ro\u015fu \u015fi z\u0103pada alb\u0103.<\/p>\n

\"martisor02\"Dep\u0103\u015find t\u0103r\u00e2mul basmului, <\/b>cercet\u0103rile arheologice efectuate \u00een Roma\u00e2nia, la Schela <\/b>Cladovei, au scos la iveal\u0103 amulete asem\u0103n\u0103toare cu m\u0103r\u0163i\u015forul, dat\u00e2nd de acum cca 8000 de ani. Aceste amulete erau formate din pietricele vopsite \u00een alb \u015fi ro\u015fu \u00een\u015firate pe o a\u0163\u0103\u00a0\u015fi erau purtate la g\u00e2t. Tot \u00een vechime, \u00een unele locuri, m\u0103r\u0163i\u015foarele\u00a0erau formate din monede at\u00e2rnate de fire sub\u0163iri de l\u00e2n\u0103, \u00een culorile alb \u015fi negru. Moneda era de aur, argint sau bronz \u00een func\u0163ie de rangul celui ce o purta \u015fi avea rolul de a aduce noroc \u015fi vreme bun\u0103\u00a0\u00een tot timpul anului.<\/p>\n

Se mai consider\u0103 de asemenea c\u0103 s\u0103rb\u0103toarea m\u0103r\u021bi\u0219orului a ap\u0103rut pe vremea Imperiului Roman, c\u00e2nd Anul Nou era s\u0103rb\u0103torit \u00een prima zi a prim\u0103verii, \u00een luna lui Marte. Acesta nu era numai zeul r\u0103zboiului, ci \u0219i al fertilit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i vegeta\u021biei. Aceast\u0103 dualitate este remarcat\u0103 \u00een culorile m\u0103r\u021bi\u0219orului, albul \u00eensemn\u00e2nd pace, iar ro\u0219u r\u0103zboi. Anul Nou a fost s\u0103rb\u0103torit pe 1\u00a0martie p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u00eenceputul secolului al\u00a0XVIII-lea.<\/p>\n

Tradi\u0163ia spune c\u0103 m\u0103r\u0163i\u015forul se poart\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103\u00a0\u00een momentul \u00een care \u00eenfloresc trandafirii sau vi\u015finii. Atunci firul ro\u015fu se pune pe un trandafir sau pe o ramur\u0103 a unui vi\u015fin. \u00cen alte regiuni, m\u0103r\u0163i\u015forul\u00a0se poart\u0103 at\u00e2t c\u00e2t dureaz\u0103 zilele Babelor sau p\u00e2n\u00ee la Florii, c\u00e2nd se scoate \u015fi se aga\u0163\u0103 de crengile unui copac. Se crede c\u0103, dac\u0103 pomul va rodi, omul va avea noroc. Atunci c\u00e2nd m\u0103r\u0163i\u015forul\u00a0este aruncat dup\u0103 o pas\u0103re, purt\u0103torul va fi u\u015for precum pas\u0103rea. \u00cen vechime m\u0103r\u0163i\u015foarele\u00a0se purtau p\u00e2n\u0103\u00a0\u00eenfloreau pomii, iar apoi se at\u00e2rnau de crengile acestora pentru a le feri de \u00eenghe\u0163\u00a0\u015fi a favoriza roade bogate.<\/p>\n

\"martisor03\"\u00cen unele jude\u021be ale Rom\u00e2niei, m\u0103r\u021bi\u0219orul este purtat doar primele dou\u0103 s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2ni. \u00cen localit\u0103\u021bile transilv\u0103nene m\u0103r\u021bi\u0219oarele sunt at\u00e2rnate la u\u0219i, la ferestre, de coarnele animalelor domestice, \u00eentruc\u00e2t se consider\u0103 c\u0103 astfel se pot \u00eendep\u0103rta duhurile rele. \u00cen zona Cri\u015furilor se crede c\u0103 dac\u0103 oamenii se spal\u0103 cu apa de ploaie c\u0103zut\u0103 pe 1 martie vor deveni mai frumo\u0219i \u0219i mai s\u0103n\u0103to\u0219i. \u00cen Banat fetele se spal\u0103 cu z\u0103pad\u0103 pentru ca s\u0103 fie iubite. \u00cen Dobrogea m\u0103r\u021bi\u0219oarele sunt purtate p\u00e2n\u0103 la sosirea cocorilor, apoi aruncate \u00een aer pentru ca fericirea s\u0103 fie mare \u0219i \u00eenaripat\u0103. \u00cen zona Bucovinei pe 1 martie se ofer\u0103 m\u0103r\u021bi\u0219oare b\u0103ie\u021bilor de c\u0103tre fete, ace\u0219tia oferind la r\u00e2ndul lor fetelor m\u0103r\u021bi\u0219oare de 8 martie.<\/p>\n

Poetul George Co\u015fbuc, \u00eentr-un studiu dedicat m\u0103r\u0163i\u015forului afirma: “scopul purt\u0103rii lui este s\u0103-\u0163i apropii soarele, purt\u00e2ndu-i cu tine chipul. Printr-asta te faci prieten cu soarele, \u0163i-l faci binevoitor s\u0103-\u015fi dea ce-i st\u0103\u00a0\u00een putere, mai \u00eent\u00e2i frumuse\u0163e ca a lui, apoi veselie \u015fi s\u0103n\u0103tate, cinste, iubire \u015fi cur\u0103\u0163ie de suflet… \u0162\u0103ranii pun copiilor m\u0103r\u0163i\u015foare ca s\u0103 fie cura\u0163i ca argintul \u015fi s\u0103 nu-i scuture frigurile, iar fetele zic c\u0103-l poart\u0103 ca s\u0103 nu le ard\u0103 soarele \u015fi cine nu le poart\u0103 are s\u0103 se ofileasc\u0103.”<\/p>\n

Articol editat de George Br\u0103tulescu \u2013 voluntar Romanian Community of Ireland<\/p>\n

Bibliografie:
\nwww.public.asu.edu
\n<\/a>www.wikipedia.org
\n<\/a>www.desarbatori.ro
\n<\/a>www.traditii.ro
\n<\/a>www.crestinortodox.ro<\/a><\/p>\n

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M\u0103r\u0163i\u015forul este un mic obiect de podoab\u0103 legat cu un \u015fnur impletit dintr-un fir alb \u015fi unul ro\u015fu. Acesta apare \u00een special \u00een tradi\u0163ia din Rom\u00e2nia, Moldova \u015fi Bulgaria, dar […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1492,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie-si-traditii-romanesti"],"yoast_head":"\nM\u0103r\u0163i\u015forul (Istoria) - Romanian Community of Ireland<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"M\u0103r\u0163i\u015forul este un mic obiect de podoab\u0103 legat cu un \u015fnur impletit dintr-un fir alb \u015fi unul ro\u015fu. 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