{"id":1479,"date":"2015-01-24T09:55:58","date_gmt":"2015-01-24T09:55:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.romaniancommunity.net\/rci\/?p=1479"},"modified":"2016-09-05T15:34:08","modified_gmt":"2016-09-05T15:34:08","slug":"alexandru-ioan-cuza-si-unirea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.romaniancommunity.net\/rci\/alexandru-ioan-cuza-si-unirea\/","title":{"rendered":"Alexandru Ioan Cuza \u015fi Unirea"},"content":{"rendered":"Mica Rom\u00e2nie \u015fi Domnitorul Alexandru Ioan Cuza<\/h3>\n
24 ianuarie 1859 \u2013 \u00eenceputul statului rom\u00e2n modern<\/b><\/p>\n
![\"Alexandru](\"http:\/\/www.romaniancommunity.net\/rci\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/unirea1859_01_AICuza.jpg\")
Ast\u0103zi se \u00eemplinesc 156 de ani de c\u00e2nd cele dou\u0103 principate, Moldova \u0219i \u021aara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, \u0219i-au pecetluit o soart\u0103 comun\u0103 prin alegerea aceluia\u0219i conduc\u0103tor, Alexandru Ioan Cuza , \u0219i constituirea Principatelor Unite care c\u00e2\u021biva ani mai t\u00e2rziu, \u00een 1862, vor prelua oficial numele de Rom\u00e2nia. Printre marii unioni\u015fti ai vremii amintim pe M. Kog\u0103lniceanu, I.C. Br\u0103tianu, Al.I. Cuza, Vasile Alecsandri, Costache Negri care au avut intui\u0163ia diplomatic\u0103 de a alege momentul cel mai bun pentru proclamarea Unirii Principatelor Rom\u00e2ne.<\/p>\n
Principalii oponen\u021bi ai proiectului de unire erau Imperiul Otoman \u0219i Rusia \u021aarista care, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103\u00a0\u021bin\u0103 seam\u0103 de interesele poporului rom\u00e2n, \u00een prim\u0103vara anului 1849, au \u00eencheiat la Balta-Liman o conven\u0163ie care afecta grav suveranitatea Principatelor. Aceast\u0103 conven\u021bie prevedea numirea direct\u0103 de c\u0103tre sultan a celor doi domnitori ai \u021b\u0103rilor rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti. Astfel, cu acordul Rusiei \u021aariste, este \u00eensc\u0103unat Grigore Alexandru Ghica \u00een Moldova \u0219i Barbu \u0218tirbei \u00een \u021aara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103. Domnia acestora este relativ scurt\u0103 pentru c\u0103, dup\u0103\u00a0\u00eenceperea r\u0103zboiului Crimeei \u00een 1853, ambii domnitori \u00ee\u0219i pierd tronul. Imperiul \u021aarist este \u00eenfr\u00e2nt de c\u0103tre Marile Puteri, iar ca urmare a Tratatului de pace de la Paris din 1856 Protectoratul Imperiului Rus asupra Principatelor este \u00eenl\u0103turat, p\u0103str\u00e2ndu-se doar suzeranitatea otoman\u0103. Moldovei \u00eei sunt realipite jude\u021bele Cahul, Bolgrad \u0219i Ismail \u0219i \u00een locul domnitorilor sunt numi\u021bi doi caimacani.<\/p>\n
\u00cen \u0162ara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 ideea unirii era puternic sus\u021binut\u0103 de majoritatea popula\u021biei, \u00a0\u00eens\u0103 \u00een Moldova situa\u0163ia era mai complicat\u0103 pentru c\u0103 Partida Unionist\u0103, \u00een frunte cu Mihail Kog\u0103lniceanu \u015fi Alexandru Ioan Cuza, avea opozi\u021bie puternic\u0103 din partea celor care doreau men\u021binerea separ\u0103rii. Separati\u015ftii \u00eei aveau \u00een frunte pe Gheorghe Asachi \u015fi Costache Negruzzi, aveau alia\u021bi Austria \u015fi Turcia \u0219i erau sus\u021binu\u021bi \u0219i de caimacanul Nicolae Vogoride. Acesta din urm\u0103, av\u00e2nd promisiunea de domnie a Moldovei din partea Imperiului Otoman, hot\u0103re\u0219te s\u0103 falsifice alegerile, demonstr\u00e2nd astfel c\u0103 Moldova nu era interesat\u0103 de unire. Complicitatea \u0219i implicarea Imperiului Otoman ies la iveala \u0219i sunt publicate scrisori doveditoare \u00een presa din occident. Astfel Marile Puteri rup leg\u0103turile diplomatice cu Imperiul Otoman, anuleaz\u0103 alegerile falsificate, iar dup\u0103 ce Divanurile celor dou\u0103 principate s-au pronun\u021bat \u00een favoarea Unirii, Marile Puteri accept\u0103, prin Conven\u021bia de la Paris, uniunea celor dou\u0103\u00a0\u021b\u0103ri, cu institu\u021bii proprii, dar cu armat\u0103\u00a0\u0219i Curte de Justi\u021bie comune, precum \u0219i o Comisie Central\u0103 cu sediul la Foc\u0219ani care urma s\u0103 fac\u0103 legi de interes comun.<\/p>\n
![\"unirea1859_02\"](\"http:\/\/www.romaniancommunity.net\/rci\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/unirea1859_02.jpg\")
Alegerile care trebuiau s\u0103 \u00eei desemneze pe cei doi domnitori au creat noi tulbur\u0103ri, at\u00e2t \u00een Moldova, c\u00e2t \u0219i \u00een \u021aara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, pentru c\u0103 cele dou\u0103 tabere doreau unirea, dar doreau \u00een acela\u0219i timp s\u0103 fie ales un domnitor care s\u0103 le asigure p\u0103strarea puterii politice.<\/p>\n
Conven\u0163ia de la Paris prevedea modul de organizare a Principatelor, dar nu specifica faptul c\u0103 aceea\u015fi persoan\u0103 nu poate fi at\u00e2t domn al Moldovei, c\u00e2t \u015fi domn al \u0162\u0103rii Rom\u00e2ne\u015fti. Astfel, dupa \u00eendelungi manevre politice, conspira\u021bii \u0219i compromisuri, \u00een data de 5 ianuarie 1859 devine domn al Moldovei, ales \u00een unanimitate, comandantul armatei, colonelul Alexandru Ioan Cuza. Acesta se tr\u0103gea dintr-o familie de moldoveni cluceri, sp\u0103tari, comisi, ispravnici. N\u0103scut la 20 martie 1820, primii ani de \u0219coal\u0103 i-a \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat la Ia\u0219i, apoi a fost trimis la Paris unde a promovat bacalaureatul \u00een litere. \u00centors \u00een \u021bar\u0103, a intrat in armata devenind colonel, ulterior ministru de r\u0103zboi, iar \u00een 1844 s-a c\u0103s\u0103torit cu Elena Rosetti. Cu toate c\u0103\u00a0\u00een cercurile politice din \u021aara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103\u00a0domnitorul moldovean era destul de pu\u021bin cunoscut, dorin\u021ba de \u00eenf\u0103ptuire a Unirii era at\u00e2t de mare \u00eenc\u00e2t s-a hot\u0103r\u00e2t propunerea liderului unionist \u0219i \u00een \u021aara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, mai degrab\u0103 la sugestia delega\u021biei moldovene care mergea c\u0103tre Constantinopol pentru anun\u021barea rezultatului alegerii de la Ia\u0219i. \u00cen 24 ianuarie 1859 Alexandru Ioan Cuza fost ales \u00een unanimitate domn al \u0162\u0103rii Rom\u00e2ne\u015fti, iar popula\u0163ia str\u00e2ns\u0103 \u00een jurul Dealului Mitropoliei a primit vestea cu cea mai mare bucurie.<\/p>\n
Mihail Kog\u0103lniceanu, \u00een discursul adresat domnitorului ales, afirma: ” Aleg\u00e2ndu-te pe tine domn… am voit s\u0103 ar\u0103tam lumei aceea ce toat\u0103 \u0163ara dore\u015fte: la legi noi, om nou… Fii dar omul epocii; f\u0103 ca legea s\u0103 \u00eenlocuiasc\u0103 arbitrarul! F\u0103 ca legea s\u0103 fie tare, iar tu, Maria Ta, ca domn, fii bun, fii bl\u00e2nd; fii bun mai ales cu aceia pentru care mai to\u0163i domnii trecu\u0163i au fost nepas\u0103tori sau r\u0103i. Nu uita c\u0103 dac\u0103 cincizeci de deputa\u021bi te-au ales domn, \u00eens\u0103 ai s\u0103 domne\u015fti peste dou\u0103 milioane de oameni!”<\/p>\n
Alegerea aceluia\u0219i domnitor \u00een ambele principate era considerat\u0103 o \u00eenc\u0103lcare a Conven\u021biei de la Paris de c\u0103tre Austria \u0219i Imperiul Otoman, dar nici Marile Puteri nu erau dispuse s\u0103 recunoasc\u0103 Unirea. Au urmat misiuni diplomatice \u00een capitalele Marilor Puteri, conferin\u0163e, tensiuni \u015fi chiar amenin\u0163\u0103ri de interven\u0163ie militar\u0103, \u00eens\u0103 fermitatea lui Cuza \u0219i pozi\u0163ia intransigen\u0163a a marelui diplomat Costache Negri au generat o atitudine favorabil\u0103 a majorit\u0103\u0163ii Marilor Puteri garante \u0219i au avut drept consecin\u021b\u0103 recunoa\u015fterea dublei alegeri a domnitorului Cuza la Conferin\u0163a de la Paris din septembrie 1859.<\/p>\n
![\"unirea1859_harta\"](\"http:\/\/www.romaniancommunity.net\/rci\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/unirea1859_harta.jpg\")
Deplina Unire a fost recunoscut\u0103 doi ani mai t\u00e2rziu, la Conferin\u0163a de la Constantinopol, c\u00e2nd \u00cenalta Poart\u0103 a renun\u0163at la toate condi\u0163iile pe care le solicitase anterior. Austria \u00een schimb era dispus\u0103 s\u0103 recunoasc\u0103 Unirea doar pe timpul domniei lui Alexandru Ioan Cuza. Prin Unirea Moldovei cu \u0162ara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 s-a format un stat unitar Rom\u00e2nia, cu capitala la Bucure\u015fti. Era\u00a0 primul pas pe calea \u00eenf\u0103ptuirii statului na\u0163ional unitar rom\u00e2n. \u00cen aceste condi\u021bii, pe 11 decembrie 1861, Al. I. Cuza emite \u201cProclama\u021bia Unirii\u201d unde exclam\u0103: \u201cUnirea este indeplinit\u0103, na\u021bionalitatea rom\u00e2n\u0103 este intemeiat\u0103\u2026alesul vostru v\u0103 d\u0103 ast\u0103zi o singur\u0103 Rom\u00e2nie\u201d<\/p>\n
Reformele ini\u0163iate de Alexandru Ioan Cuza au pus bazele dezvolt\u0103rii moderne a Rom\u00e2niei.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cu toat\u0103 opozi\u0163ia marii burghezii \u015fi a Bisericii, Cuza a ini\u0163iat, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu primul s\u0103u ministru Mihail Kog\u0103lniceanu, reforme interne importante: reforma fiscal\u0103 \u00een 1861; secularizarea averilor m\u0103n\u0103stire\u015fti \u00een 1863; legea rural\u0103 din 1864 prin care au fost \u00eempropriet\u0103ti\u0163i peste 400 de mii de \u0163\u0103rani \u015fi al\u0163i 60 de mii au primit locuri de cas\u0103 \u0219i gr\u0103dini; reforma justi\u0163iei, au fost concepute o nou\u0103 lege electoral\u0103, Codul Civil \u015fi Codul Penal, inspirat din legisla\u0163ia francez\u0103; a fost organizat\u0103 armata na\u021bional\u0103; \u00eenv\u0103\u0163\u0103m\u00e2ntul primar a devenit obligatoriu \u015fi s-au \u00eenfiin\u0163at Universitatea de la Ia\u015fi \u00een 1860 si cea de la Bucure\u015fti \u00een 1864.<\/p>\n
Al. I. Cuza a realizat reforme solide, dar nu a mai p\u0103strat leg\u0103tura cu elita politic\u0103, astfel c\u0103 aplicarea reformelor s-a lovit de rezisten\u0163a Adun\u0103rii Legiuitoare, pe care a \u015fi dizolvat-o la 2 mai 1864 prin for\u0163\u0103. \u00cen acela\u015fi an a fost propus\u0103 o nou\u0103 Constitu\u0163ie, prin care domnitorul avea puteri sporite, ceea ce a atras at\u00e2t nemul\u0163umiri interne, c\u00e2t \u015fi din exteriorul \u0163\u0103rii.<\/p>\n
Comploti\u015ftii din \u201emonstruoas\u0103 coali\u0163ie” condusa de C.A. Rosetti , Lascar Catargiu \u0219i Ion Ghica au dat o lovitur\u0103 de stat \u0219i l-au for\u021bat pe Cuza s\u0103 renun\u0163e la tron \u00een noaptea 11 februarie 1866. Domnitorul a fost obligat s\u0103 p\u0103r\u0103seasc\u0103 \u0163ara si avea s\u0103 moar\u0103 la Heidelberg \u00een Germania, la 15 mai 1873, la v\u00e2rsta de 53 ani. \u015eirul de reforme ini\u0163iate de Cuza \u015fi venirea mai apoi pe tronul Rom\u00e2niei a domnitorului Carol de Hohenzollern Sinmaringen a f\u0103cut c\u0103 actul de la 1859 s\u0103 fie ireversibil.<\/p>\n
Articol editat de George Br\u0103tulescu \u2013 voluntar Romanian Community of Ireland<\/p>\n
Bibliografie:
\nwww.enciclopediaromaniei.ro
\n<\/a>www.wikipedia.org
\n<\/a>www.stiti.tvr.ro
\n<\/a>www.istoria.md<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Mica Rom\u00e2nie \u015fi Domnitorul Alexandru Ioan Cuza 24 ianuarie 1859 \u2013 \u00eenceputul statului rom\u00e2n modern Ast\u0103zi se \u00eemplinesc 156 de ani de c\u00e2nd cele dou\u0103 principate, Moldova \u0219i \u021aara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1484,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1479","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie-si-traditii-romanesti"],"yoast_head":"\n
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